When we think of our furry friends, a perfect set of pearly whites might not be the first thing that comes to mind. Nonetheless, oral health plays an essential role in a dog's overall well-being. A common dental issue in dogs is an underbite, also known as canine malocclusion. In this article, we will explore the causes, breeds predisposed to this condition, and how to care for your pup.
What is an underbite?
An underbite occurs when a dog's bottom teeth protrude further than its upper teeth, resulting in an incorrect jaw alignment. This malformation impacts the way the teeth fit together, known as occlusion. An ideal occlusion would have the upper incisors slightly overlap the bottom ones. In contrast, dogs with underbites experience difficulty biting or chewing due to their misaligned teeth.
Although it may seem like a mere cosmetic issue, an untreated underbite can lead to more severe oral health problems, such as tooth decay and gum disease, which can both lead to bad breath. Underbites can also make it harder for dogs to feed themselves properly!
Causes of underbites in dogs
There are several factors that could contribute to the development of an underbite in dogs:
Genetics
Certain breeds are genetically predisposed to developing underbites. The condition is commonly seen in brachycephalic or flat-faced dogs, which have been selectively bred to exhibit specific physical traits, including shortened jaws.
Injury
Trauma to the jaw or head during a dog's developmental years can lead to an underbite. Injuries can cause improper growth of the jaw, leading to malocclusion in dogs.
Dental issues
Puppies that retain their baby teeth for too long or develop extra teeth may experience overcrowding, which could result in an underbite as their adult teeth emerge.
Nutrition
A poor diet during a dog's formative years may impact proper jaw development and bone growth, resulting in an underbite.
Breeds prone to underbites
While any dog breed can potentially develop an underbite, some are more susceptible due to their genetic makeup. These include:
- Boston Terriers
- Boxers
- Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
- English Bulldogs
- French Bulldogs
- Lhasa Apsos
- Pekingese
- Pugs
- Shih Tzus
The commonality among these breeds is that most of them are brachycephalic, meaning they have a shortened skull and nose. This creates a higher likelihood of developing underbites as part of their facial structure.
Symptoms of an underbite in your dog
If you suspect your dog may have an underbite, it's essential to closely examine their mouth for signs of malocclusion. Some symptoms to watch out for include:
- Protrusion of lower teeth beyond upper teeth; visible even when the dog's mouth is closed
- Difficulty biting or chewing food
- Excessive drooling
- Pain or discomfort in or around the mouth
- Recurring dental issues, such as tooth decay or gum disease
If you notice any of these symptoms, it's crucial to consult with a vet for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
Treatment options and care for dogs with underbites
The course of treatment for an underbite typically depends on the severity of the malocclusion and whether it's causing your dog pain or difficulty eating. For mild cases that do not affect daily function, no corrective action may be necessary. However, if the underbite is severe and affecting your dog's quality of life, your vet might recommend one of the following:
Orthodontic treatment
In some instances, orthodontic devices can help realign a dog's teeth into a proper position. This process often requires multiple visits to the vet over time and may involve braces or other appliances specially designed for dogs.
Dental extractions
In cases where overcrowding is causing the underbite, your veterinarian might suggest extracting some teeth to relieve pressure and create space for proper alignment.
Oral surgery
For extreme cases or when orthodontic treatment isn't viable, surgery may be required to correct the jaw structure. This option is generally reserved for the most severe cases of malocclusion and should be carefully considered with the guidance of a veterinarian.
Caring for your dog's dental health
Regardless of whether your dog has an underbite or not, maintaining good oral hygiene is critical for their overall health. Some ways to promote a healthy mouth include:
- Regularly brushing your dog's teeth with a pet-friendly toothpaste
- Offering dental chews and toys designed to clean teeth and gums
- Paying attention to changes in your dog's eating habits or signs of discomfort while chewing
- Scheduling regular dental check-ups with your veterinarian
Underbites are a common issue among certain breed of dog. By understanding the causes and recognizing the symptoms, you can better care for your pup and ensure their overall well-being. Always consult a vet if you have concerns about your dog's dental health.
