Pain management in dogs is a critical aspect of pet care, whether the pain is due to surgery, injury or a chronic condition like arthritis.
Understanding what you can safely give a dog for pain relief is essential to ensuring their health and well-being. It's important to remember that dogs cannot be treated with the same medications used for humans without professional guidance.
Signs of pain in dogs
Pain in dogs can manifest in many ways. It might be acute, as in the case of an injury or surgery, or chronic, such as that caused by hip dysplasia.
Signs that your dog is in pain may include limping, whining, repetitive licking or changes in appetite. Sudden aggression or withdrawal from social situations may also indicate your dog is feeling uncomfortable.
Determining the cause of the problem will help your veterinarian work out the best course of action.
NSAIDs for dogs
One of the most commonly prescribed forms of pain relief are a group of drugs known as NSAIDs, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They work by blocking enzymes responsible for producing prostaglandins, substances that trigger inflammation. NSAIDs are therefore often used to reduce swelling, and are particularly helpful for dogs recovering from surgery or those that suffer arthritis.
There are several veterinary-approved NSAIDs that are specifically formulated for dogs. These include:
- Carprofen (Rimadyl)
- Deracoxib (Deramaxx)
- Firocoxib (Previcox)
- Meloxicam (Metacam)
These medications are considered safe when used under veterinary supervision, following the prescribed dosage.
Just like in humans, your dog may experience side effects. These can include gastrointestinal issues such as vomiting and diarrhoea. In severe cases, NSAIDs can cause kidney and liver damage, particularly if used long-term. Regular check-ups from your vet will help ensure the medication is not causing any harm.
Other pain medication for dogs
If a dog is in a lot of pain, it may be that NSAIDs on their own are not sufficient. In this case, your vet may prescribe another form of pain relief.
Amantadine
Amantadine works by inhibiting the NMDA (N-methyl-D-asparate) receptor. This is a receptor in the nervous system that binds to neurotransmitters that create a sensation of pain.
Historically used in horses, Amantadine is typically prescribed alongside other medication, such as NSAIDs, to help manage chronic pain in dogs.
It can be useful in the treatment of arthritis, and pain associated with cancer.
Gabapentin
Gabapentin is often used for neuropathic pain, and has found to be especially helpful in reducing long-term nerve pain.
The medication may also be prescribed by veterinarians to help control seizures.
Tramadol
This prescription medication is a mild opioid that can be used for moderate to severe pain. It is often prescribed following surgery, but it can also be used longer-term in conjunction with other medication, to help manage chronic conditions.
Side effects may include vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation or dizziness. If you notice any side effects, it's always advisable to speak with your veterinarian. They may change the treatment plan accordingly.
Can I give my dog human painkillers?
One of the most common mistakes pet owners make is assuming that human painkillers can be given to dogs. And while it might be tempting to reach for a bottle of aspirin or ibuprofen when you notice your dog in pain, doing so could be extremely dangerous for your pet.
Aspirin and ibuprofen are both NSAIDs that are commonly used in humans to reduce pain and inflammation, but they are not safe for dogs unless specifically prescribed by a veterinarian in very controlled doses.
Aspirin
Aspirin can cause gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, and kidney damage in dogs. While some veterinarians may prescribe aspirin for short-term use, it's not a long-term solution and must be used with extreme caution.
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is not recommended for dogs under any circumstances. It can cause severe kidney failure, gastrointestinal ulcers, and in some cases, death.
Paracetamol
Paracetamol can be highly toxic to dogs if they are given too high a dose. Some human paracetamol formulations can also contain xylitol, which is toxic to our four-legged friends.
Natural supplements for relieving pain
For pet owners seeking alternative or complementary therapies to manage their dog's pain, natural supplements can be a good option. These are often used in conjunction with traditional medication, to improve overall health and well-being.
Glucosamine and Chondroitin
Glucosamine and chondroitin are popular joint supplements used to alleviate the pain associated with arthritis in dogs. These compounds help to rebuild cartilage and maintain joint fluid, reducing inflammation and pain over time. They are considered safe for long-term use.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil supplements, have anti-inflammatory properties that can help improve mobility in dogs with arthritis or other inflammatory conditions. They also support overall cardiovascular health and can be beneficial for a dog's skin and coat.
Turmeric
Turmeric contains curcumin, a compound with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can be used as a natural supplement to help manage pain in dogs. It's essential to consult with a veterinarian before adding turmeric to your dog's diet, as they will need to advise as to the appropriate dosage based on your dog's size and health condition.
Pain relief for dogs without medication or supplements
In addition to NSAIDs and natural supplements, there are other options you may want to consider including in your dog's pain management plan.
Physical therapy
Physical therapy can be highly effective in managing pain and improving mobility in dogs with joint issues or recovering from surgery. Techniques such as massage, hydrotherapy, and laser therapy can help reduce inflammation, increase circulation, and promote healing. A certified canine physical therapist will be able to design a program tailored to your dog's specific needs.
Lifestyle changes
Sometimes, simple lifestyle changes can significantly impact a dog's pain levels. Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial, as excess weight puts additional strain on joints and can exacerbate pain, particularly in dogs with arthritis. Providing a comfortable bed and ensuring your dog gets regular, low-impact exercise can also help.
If your dog struggles with their mobility, ramps or steps will prevent them from jumping, which in turn can prevent discomfort.
Managing pain in dogs requires a careful, informed approach. While there are several options available, including NSAIDs, natural supplements, and other therapies, it's crucial to consult with a veterinarian to ensure that the chosen treatment is safe and effective. With the right combination of pain relief and lifestyle adjustments, you can help your dog live a happier, more comfortable life.
