It’s a heart-melting moment for any owner: that first time a tiny newborn puppy or kitten looks up at you. However, at birth, puppies and kittens are what we call "altricial" - meaning they are completely dependent on their mother, with their senses still very much "under construction." Their eyelids are tightly sealed to protect their delicate eyes from light and irritation while they are still developing.
From a veterinary perspective, this closure is vital. It allows the visual system, particularly the retina, to finish growing while shielded from potential infections. During this time, the young rely entirely on scent and touch (especially their whiskers) to navigate towards their mother to feed.
Important note: Never try to force their eyes open. Doing so can cause permanent damage to the cornea or lead to severe chronic dry eye.
At what age do puppies and kittens open their eyes?
The process usually kicks off around the 7-day mark. While some may take 10 to 14 days depending on the breed and the individual, you’ll often see the first signs of the eyelids "unsticking" by the end of the first week. It usually starts with a tiny slit in the corner and opens fully within 24 to 48 hours.
A few things to keep in mind:
- At first, their sight is very blurry.
- Most will have a signature blue-grey eye colour to start with.
- It takes about two months for their vision to sharpen and for their permanent adult eye colour to set in.
If you notice any swelling under the eyelid or a discharge of pus before the eyes have opened, contact your vet immediately. This could be a sign of neonatal ophthalmia (a newborn eye infection) which needs prompt treatment.
