Researchers suggest that as dogs are increasingly domesticated and urbanised, they are experiencing a fresh phase of evolution shaped by their growing role as human companions.
The shift stems from humans prioritising emotional support and companionship over traditional working roles like herding or guarding.
Dogs bred to be friendlier
This change has led to the breeding and training of dogs to be friendlier and calmer, suiting today's urbanised lifestyles.
Beyond behavioural changes, scientists believe this transition could also be altering canine biology.
A 2017 study highlighted the influence of oxytocin, the "bonding hormone," on dog-human interactions, indicating potential physiological shifts driven by the evolving relationship.
More research needed
The study did not explore whether similar changes might occur in other domesticated animals, such as cats, which are less socially dependent.
As urbanisation continues, the study's authors call for further research into how these evolutionary trends could impact the future of dog breeds worldwide. The findings underline the intertwined evolution of humans and their closest animal companions.
